Studies

Scientific References:

  • Adeva-Andany, María M et al. “Significance of l-carnitine for human health.” IUBMB life vol. 69,8 (2017): 578-594. doi:10.1002/iub.1646
  • Askarpour, Moein et al. “Beneficial effects of l-carnitine supplementation for weight management in overweight and obese adults: An updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.” Pharmacological research vol. 151 (2020): 104554. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104554
  • Baba, Yoshitake et al. “Effects of I-Theanine on Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Subjects: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study.” Journal of medicinal food vol. 24,4 (2021): 333-341. doi:10.1089/jmf.2020.4803
  • Broadhurst, C Leigh, and Philip Domenico. “Clinical studies on chromium picolinate supplementation in diabetes mellitus–a review.” Diabetes technology & therapeutics vol. 8,6 (2006): 677-87. doi:10.1089/dia.2006.8.677
  • Center, Sharon A et al. “Influence of dietary supplementation with (L)-carnitine on metabolic rate, fatty acid oxidation, body condition, and weight loss in overweight cats.” American journal of veterinary research vol. 73,7 (2012): 1002-15. doi:10.2460/ajvr.73.7.1002
  • Cha, Y S et al. “Effects of carnitine coingested caffeine on carnitine metabolism and endurance capacity in athletes.” Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology vol. 47,6 (2001): 378-84. doi:10.3177/jnsv.47.378
  • Cho, Ae-Sim et al. “Chlorogenic acid exhibits anti-obesity property and improves lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced-obese mice.” Food and chemical toxicology: an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association vol. 48,3 (2010): 937-43. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2010.01.003
  • Di Pierro, Francisco et al. “Greenselect Phytosome as an adjunct to a low-calorie diet for treatment of obesity: a clinical trial.” Alternative medicine review: a journal of clinical therapeutic vol. 14,2 (2009): 154-60.
  • Dulloo, A G et al. “Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in humans.” The American journal of clinical nutrition vol. 70,6 (1999): 1040-5. doi:10.1093/ajcn/70.6.1040
  • Dulloo, A G et al. “Green tea and thermogenesis: interactions between catechin-polyphenols, caffeine and sympathetic activity.” International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders: journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity vol. 24,2 (2000): 252-8. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801101
  • Gilardini, Luisa et al. “Effects of Greenselect PhytosomeR on weight maintenance after weight loss in obese women: a randomized placebo-controlled study.” BMC complementary and alternative medicine vol. 16 233. 22 Jul. 2016, doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1214-x
  • Gosselin, Chantal, and François Haman. “Effects of green tea extracts on non-shivering thermogenesis during mild cold exposure in young men.” The British journal of nutrition vol. 110,2 (2013): 282-8. doi:10.1017/S0007114512005089
  • Haskell, Crystal F et al. “The effects of L-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood.” Biological psychology vol. 77,2 (2008): 113-22. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.09.008
  • Katada, Shun et al. “Effects of Chlorogenic Acid-Enriched and Hydroxyhydroquinone-Reduced Coffee on Postprandial Fat Oxidation and Antioxidative Capacity in Healthy Men: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial.” Nutrients vol. 10,4 525. 23 Apr. 2018, doi:10.3390/nu10040525
  • Koozehchian, Majid S et al. “Effects of nine weeks L-Carnitine supplementation on exercise performance, anaerobic power, and exercise-induced oxidative stress in resistance-trained males.” Journal of exercise nutrition & biochemistry vol. 22,4 (2018): 7-19. doi:10.20463/jenb.2018.0026
  • Ludwig, Iziar A et al. “Coffee: biochemistry and potential impact on health.” Food & function vol. 5,8 (2014): 1695-717. doi:10.1039/c4f000042k
  • Madsen, Karen Lindhardt et al. “L-Carnitine Improves Skeletal Muscle Fat Oxidation in Primary Carnitine Deficiency.” The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism vol. 103,12 (2018): 4580-4588. doi:10.1210/jc.2018-00953
  • Meng S, Cao J, Feng Q, Peng J, Hyty. Roles of chlorogenic Acid on regulating glucose and lipids metabolism: a review. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:801457. doi:10.1155/2013/801457
  • Naveed M, Hejazi V, Abbas M, Kamboh AA, Khan GJ, Shumzaid M, Ahmad F, Babazadeh D, FangFang X, Modarresi-Ghazani F, WenHua L, XiaoHui Z. Chlorogenic acid (CGA): A pharmacological review and call for further research. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Jan;97:67-74. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.064. Epub 2017 Nov 6.
  • Nieber, Karen. “The Impact of Coffee on Health.” Planta medica vol. 83,16 (2017): 1256-1263. doi:10.1055/s-0043-115007
  • Nussbaumerova, Barbora et al. “Chromium Supplementation Reduces Resting Heart Rate in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Impaired Glucose Tolerance.” Biological trace element research vol. 183,2 (2018): 192-199. doi:10.1007/s12011-017-1128-6
  • Paiva, Ana N et al. “Beneficial effects of oral chromium picolinate supplementation on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized clinical study.” Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology: organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) vol. 32 (2015): 66-72. doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.05.006
  • Park, Sang-Ki et al. “A combination of green tea extract and I-theanine improves memory and attention in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled study.” Journal of medicinal food vol. 14,4 (2011): 334-43. doi:10.1089/jmf.2009.1374
  • Patti, Angelo Maria et al. “Effect of a Natural Supplement Containing Curcuma Longa, Guggul, and Chlorogenic Acid in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome.” Angiology vol. 66,9 (2015): 856-61. doi:10.1177/0003319714568792
  • Racek, Jaroslav et al. “Influence of chromium-enriched yeast on blood glucose and insulin variables, blood lipids, and markers of oxidative stress in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.” Biological trace element research vol. 109,3 (2006): 215-30. doi:10.1385/BTER:109:3:215
  • Santana-Gálvez J, Cisneros-Zevallos L. Jacobo-Velázquez DA. Chlorogenic Acid: Recent Advances on Its Dual Role as a Food Additive and a Nutraceutical against Metabolic Syndrome. Molecules. 2017 Feb 26;22(3):358. doi: 10.3390/molecules22030358. PMID: 28245635; PMCID: PMC6155416.
  • Sharma, Shilpi et al. “Beneficial effect of chromium supplementation on glucose, HbA1C and lipid variables in individuals with newly onset type-2 diabetes.” Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology: organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) vol. 25,3 (2011): 149-53. doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2011.03.003
  • Shixian, Q et al. “Green tea extract thermogenesis-induced weight loss by epigallocatechin gallate inhibition of catechol-O-methyltransferase.” Journal of medicinal food vol. 9,4 (2006): 451-8. doi:10.1089/jmf.2006.9.451
  • Soga, Satoko et al. “Stimulation of postprandial fat utilization in healthy humans by daily consumption of chlorogenic acids.” Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry vol. 77,8 (2013): 1633-6. doi:10.1271/bbb.130147
  • Suksomboon, N et al. “Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of chromium supplementation in diabetes.” Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics vol. 39,3 (2014): 292-306. doi:10.1111/jcpt.12147
  • Tajik, Narges et al. “The potential effects of chlorogenic acid, the main phenolic components in coffee, on health: a comprehensive review of the literature.” European journal of nutrition vol. 56,7 (2017): 2215-2244. doi:10.1007/s00394-017-1379-1
  • Talenezhad, Nasir et al. “Effects of l-carnitine supplementation on weight loss and body composition: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 37 randomized controlled clinical trials with dose-response analysis.” Clinical nutrition ESPEN vol. 37 (2020): 9-23. doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.03.008
  • Thielecke, F et al. “Epigallocatechin-3-gallate and postprandial fat oxidation in overweight/obese male volunteers: a pilot study.” European journal of clinical nutrition vol. 64,7 (2010): 704-13. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.47
  • Thom, E. “The effect of chlorogenic acid enriched coffee on glucose absorption in healthy volunteers and its effect on body mass when used long-term in overweight and obese people.” The Journal of international medical research vol. 35,6 (2007): 900-8. doi:10.1177/147323000703500620
  • Van Schaik, Lachlan et al. “Effects of Caffeine on Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis and Metabolic Homeostasis: A Review.” Frontiers in neuroscience vol. 15 621356. 4 Feb. 2021, doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.621356
  • Velickovic, Ksenija et al. “Caffeine exposure induces browning features in adipose tissue in vitro and in vivo.” Scientific reports vol. 9,1 9104.24 Jun. 2019, doi:10.1038/s41598-019-45540-1
  • Wall, Benjamin T et al. “Chronic oral ingestion of L-carnitine and carbohydrate increases muscle carnitine content and alters muscle fuel metabolism during exercise in humans.” The Journal of physiology vol. 589,Pt 4 (2011): 963-73. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2010.201343
  • Watanabe, Takuya et al. “Coffee Abundant in Chlorogenic Acids Reduces Abdominal Fat in Overweight Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial.” Nutrients vol. 11,7 1617. 16 Jul. 2019, doi:10.3390/nu11071617
  • Westerterp-Plantenga, Margriet S et al. “Body weight loss and weight maintenance in relation to habitual caffeine intake and green tea supplementation.” Obesity research vol. 13,7 (2005): 1195-204. doi:10.1038/oby.2005.142
  • Williams J, McKune AJ, Georgousopoulou EN, Kellett J, D’Cunha NM, Sergi D, Mellor D, Naumovski N. The Effect of L-Theanine Incorporated in a Functional Food Product (Mango Sorbet) on Physiological Responses in Healthy Males: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial. Foods. 2020 Mar 23;9(3):371. doi: 10.3390/foods9030371. PMID: 32210015; PMCID: PMC7142516
  • Williams, Jackson L et al. “The Effects of Green Tea Amino Acid L-Theanine Consumption on the Ability to Manage Stress and Anxiety Levels: a Systematic Review.” Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) vol. 75,1 (2020): 12-23. doi:10.1007/s11130-019-00771-5
  • Yoneshiro, Takeshi et al. “Tea catechin and caffeine activate brown adipose tissue and increase cold-induced thermogenic capacity in humans.” The American journal of clinical nutrition vol. 105,4 (2017): 873-881. doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.144972
  • Yoto, Ai et al. “Effects of L-theanine or caffeine intake on changes in blood pressure under physical and psychological stresses.” Journal of physiological anthropology vol. 31,1 28. 29 Oct. 2012, doi:10.1186/1880-6805-31-28